ËÛËÛ×åÀ«Ê±½ÚÊÇÀüËÛ×å×î¡ÖصĴ«Í³½ÚÈÕ¡£µ«¸÷µØ½ÚÆÚ²»Ò»£¬ÔÆÄÏÊ¡µÈÖÚ¶àÀüËÛ×å¾Û¾ÓµØµÄÀ«Ê°½ÚÊǹ«Àú12ÔÂ20ÈÕÆðµÄ°ë¸öÔ£¬¶øËÄ´¨Ê¡µÂ²ýÏØÀüËÛ×åµÄÀ«Ê°½ÚÓÉÓÚ·â±Õ£¬ÓÖÉÙÊÜÍâ½çÓ°Ï죬ÈÔ±£Áô×ÅÕýÔ³õÒ»ÖÁÊ®ÎåÕâ¸öʱ¼ä£¬½ÚÆÚÓ뺺×åµÄ´º½Úͳһ£¬Ï°Ë×¼«´«Í³¡£
¡¾²úÉúÄê´ú¡¿
×åÈ˾Óס£¬ÊÜÖÆÓÚµ±µØÕÅ¡¢¼ª¶þÍÁ˾¡£Ã÷´úºéÎäÄê¼ä£¬ÀüËÛÈ˲»¿°¹Ù±øºÍÍÁ˾ÆÛѹ֮¿à¶ø1ÌÓǨ£¬É¢¾ÓÓÚ´¨µá½áºÏ²¿µÄ½ðɳ½¡¢ÑÅíýÁ÷Óò¡£Ã÷¼Î¾¸Äê¼ä£¬Àö½ÄÉÎ÷×åľ֪¸®ÓëÏàÁÚµÄÎ÷²ØÅ©Å«Ö÷ÔÚάÎ÷Ò»´øÕù¶áµØÅÌ£¬·¢Éú´ó¹æģе¶·¡£ÀÕ(½ñÅÊÖ¦»¨Êн¼Çø)Ò»´øµÄÀüËÛÈË£¬Á¬Äê±»Õ÷µ÷Íùʯ¹ÄÒ»´ø×÷Õ½£¬ÒÔºóÓÖÈ¥µ½Î¬Î÷¡¢»ªÆºµÈµØ¡£Çå´ú¼ÎÇìÄê¼ä£¬×¡ÔÚάÎ÷µÄÀüËÛ¡¢ÄÉÎ÷µÈ×åÈËÃñ£¬ÁªºÏ1¿µÆÕÍÁ˾µÄѹÆÈ¡¢°þÏ÷£¬Ôâµ½ÇåÍõ³¯µÄ²Ð¿á****£¬Ò»²¿·ÖÈË1ÌÓÍùÃ×Ò×ÀüËÛÍåÒ»´ø¾Óס¡£ÇåµÀ¹âÁùÄê(¹«Ôª1826Äê)ºÍ¹âÐ÷¶þÊ®Äê(1894)Á½´ÎÓÀ±±ÆðÒ壬¶¼ÔøÒýÆðÀüËÛ×å½Ï¾ÃµÄ´óǨá㣬Íù·µÁ÷À룬×îÖÕÐγɡ°´ó·ÖÉ¢¡¢Ð¡¾Û¾Ó¡±µÄ¾Óס²¼¾Ö¡£
¡¾·Ö²¼ÇøÓò¡¿
µÂ²ýÏØλÓÚËÄ´¨Ê¡Î÷ÄÏ·½¡¢Á¹É½ÒÍ×å×ÔÖÎÖÝÖÐÄϲ¿¡£µÂ²ýÀüËÛ×åÀ«Ê±½ÚÖ÷ÒªËùÔÚµØΪµÂ²ýÏؽðɳÏçºÍÄÏɽÏç¼°ÆäÖÜΧµØÇø¡£½ðɳÏçºÍÄÏɽÏç¾àµÂ²ýÏسÇÔ¼30¹«ÀÓÐûÓе纸¹¤ÅàѵѧУ×ø±êΪ£º±±Î³27¶È4·Ö£27¶È34·Ö£¬¶«¾101¶È53·Ö£102¶È28·ÖÖ®¼ä£¬ÄϽӻáÀí¡¢Ã×Ò×Á½ÏØ¡£µÂ²ýÀüËÛ×åÀ«Ê±½ÚÖ÷Òª·Ö²¼ÓÚËÄ´¨Ê¡µÂ²ýÏؽðɳÏçºÍÄÏɽÏç,ººÇøµÄ°Í¶´ÏçÍŽá´å¡¢¿íÔ£ÏçÐÂÔ£´å¡¢ÀÖÔ¾Ïçɳ°Ó´åµÈÀüËÛ×åС¾Û¾Ó´åÂäÒ²ÓÐÁãÐÇ·Ö²¼¡£
¡¾»ù±¾ÄÚÈÝ¡¿
ËÛËÛ×åÀ«Ê±½ÚÊÇÀüËÛ×崫ͳ½ÚÈÕ¡£¡°À«Ê±½Ú¡±ÀüËÛ×åÓïÒôÒ룬ÒâΪÐÂÄê¸èÎè½Ú¡¢Äê½Ú»ò´º½Ú¡£µ«ÊǸ÷µØ½ÚÆÚ²»Ò»£¬ÔÆÄÏÊ¡»ªÆºÏصÈÖÚ¶àÀüËÛ×å¾Û¾ÓµØµÄÀ«Ê°½ÚÊ**«Àú12ÔÂ20ÈÕÆðµÄ°ë¸öÔ£¬¶øËÄ´¨Ê¡µÂ²ýÏØÀüËÛ×åµÄÀ«Ê°½ÚÓÉÓÚ·â±Õ£¬ÓÖÉÙÊÜÍâ½çÓ°Ï죬ÈÔ±£Áô×ÅÕýÔ³õÒ»ÖÁÊ®ÎåÕâ¸öʱ¼ä£¬½ÚÆÚÓ뺺×åµÄ´º½Úͳһ£¬Ï°Ë×¼«´«Í³¡£À°ÔÂÊ®ÎåÖ®ºó£¬¸÷¼Ò¸÷»§Ò»°ã°´²âËãºÃµÄ¼ªÈÕ¿ªÊ¼É¨³¾£¬¿³¼¸ÖêÖêľÊ÷Ö¦Ò¶£¬°ÑÎÝÀïÎÝÍâɨµÃ¸É¸É¾»¾»¡£¶ø·¿ÎÝÖÜΧµÄ°Ó×Ó¡¢°ú¹ÈÂ¥ÏÂÔò¶þÊ®¾ÅÈÕÏÂÎç±ØÐ뽫À¬»øɨ³É¶Ñ¡£À°ÔµÄÈýÊ®ÕâÒ»ÌìÒ»Ô磬´å´åÕ¯Õ¯¡¢¼Ò¼Ò»§»§¶¼ÃÖÂþÔÚÑÌÎíÀÈËÃǶ¼ÔÚÉÕɨ³¾¶Ñ»ýÎï¡£¾Ý˵Õâ¸öʱºòµÄÑÌÎí»áѬϹÀÏÓ¥µÄÑÛ£¬ÐµÄÒ»Äê¼ÒÀïµÄ¼¦²»ÔâÀÏӥϮ»÷¡£
½ÚÇ°±ØÐë°ÑÒ·þÏ´Í꣬ÓÚÊÇÔÚÀ°ÔÂÀ´åÕ¯ÅԵĹµÏªÀï±ãµ½´¦ÊÇÏ´ÒµÄÀü¼ÒÅ®£¬Ö»¼ûËýÃÇÓýŲÈ×ÅÒÂȹ£¬ËäÏ´ÒÂÈ´·Â·ðÔÚÌøÎ裬˫½ÅÓнÚ×àµØÎè×Å£¬¶øÅԱ߾դÀ¸¡¢Ê÷Ö¦¡¢Ê¯ÉÏÔòÁÀɹ×ÅÎå²ÊçÍ·×µÄÒÂÎÕâÊÇÒ»µÀÃÀÀöµÄ·ç¾°¡£ÄêÈýÊ®ÕâÒ»ÌìÒÂÎï²»ÄÜÁÀÔÚ×Ô¼Ò·¿Ç°Îݺó£¬ÒâΪеÄÒ»Ä꼦²»±»ÀÏÓ¥µð£¬ÈËÒ»ÄêËļ¾²»µÃ²¡¡£²»Ï´Ò±»ÈÏΪ²»¼ªÀû¡£Ð¡º¢×ÓÄêÈýʮǰÔòµ½É½ÆÂÉÏÈ¥²ÉÕªËÉ룬Ҫѡ»ÆÂ̳¤µÃºÃµÄËÉÕ룬ԽºÃ±íʾÀ´Äêׯ¼ÚÔ½ºÃ¡£ÄêÈýÊ®¼Àìë»î¶¯¼«Îª¸´ÔÓ£¬°×ÌìÒªÉÏɽѰһÊ÷£¬ÔÚÊ÷ÏÂɱ¹«¼¦¼ÀÉñ£¬ÈôÀë¼ÒÔ¶£¬ÔòÒ»°ãÒªÔÚÊ÷Ͻ«¼¦ÖóºÃ±³»ØÈÃÈ«¼ÒÍÅÄêʱ³Ô¡£
·¹Ç°ÓÃÖíÍ·¼Àì룬·¹ºóÔÙÉÕÖíÍ·ìÀ¡£Ö®ºóÌùרÃÅÖÆ×÷µÄÓп׵ĺìÖ½¼Àì룬ÏÈÌìµØ¡¢ÔÙ¼ÒÉñ¡¢ÀÏÈË¡¢ÃÅÉñ¡¢ÔîÉñ¡¢ÑòȦ¡¢°ú¹ÈÂ¥¡¢·äÍ°¡¢²ñ¶Ñ¡¡¼ÀìëÍê±Ï£¬ÊÕÊ°ÎÝÀïÎÝÍ⣬ÌرðÒª½«ÂÒÉþÀí˳£¬ÒâΪеÄÒ»ÄêÀïÃâÓöÉß¡£ÍíÉÏ×¼±¸ºÃËÉÃ÷¡¢ËÉ롢ˮ֮ºó£¬ÈËÃǾͿɴ®ÃÅÁÄÌìÏÐË£ÁË¡£³õÒ»ÔçÉÏ£¬Ìì²»ÁÁ´óÈ˾ÍÇÄÇÄÊÕÊ°Æð´²£¬²»¾ª¶¯ËûÈË¡£ÏÈÔÚÎݶ¥ÉÏÈöËÉ룬ÔÙÀÓÅ´Ã×ôΣ¬ÔÚÀÏÈËÁéλÉÏ·ÅÉÏÅ´Ã×ôΣ¬È»ºóÃùǹ¡¢·Å±ÞÅÚ£¬Ó½ÓÈ¥ÊÀµÄÀÏÈ˻ؼң¬ÔÚÎÝÍâÉÕÏãÖ½¼À×åÖÐËÀÈ¥µÄ¹Â¹ÑÀÏÈË¡£ÀüËÛ×åÊÇá÷ÁÔÃñ×壬×ð³çÁÔ¹·£¨ËûÃdzÆΪ¡°Äìɽ¹·¡±£©£¬·¹Ç°ÒªÏÈιÁÔ¹·£¬Î¹Ê±·ÅÉÏÅ´Ã×ôΡ¢Èâ¡¢´óÃ×·¹£¬¿´ÁÔ¹·³Ôɶ¾Í±íʾеÄÒ»ÄêÖ÷È˼ÒÀïµÄÕâÒ»Îï·á¸»£¬³Ô²»Íê¡£Ö®ºó£¬È˲ſªÊ¼ÒÔµØÉϵÄËÉëΪ×À¿ªÊ¼³Ô·¹£¬Òª³¤±²Ïȳԣ¬³Ô·¹±ØÐëÏȼÓÈý´Î·¹ºó²ÅÄÜÅÝÌÀ£¬¾Ý˵²»È»³öÃÅÔâÓêÁÜ¡£ÕâÒ»ÌìÊÇÀüÕ¯ÖÐ×îÈÈÄֵģ¬Å®×ÓÔçÉϾ;ÙÐÐÊáÍ·±ÈÈü£¬Ö®ºó¾ÍÖ¯²¼±ÈÈü£»ÄÐ×ÓÔòÄìɽ£¨á÷ÁÔ£©±ÈÈü£¬ÓÉÓÚ±£»¤Ò°Éú¶¯ÎïµÄ·¨ÂÉ·¨¹æµÄʵʩ£¬½ñÌìÄìɽ±ÈÈüûÓÐÁË£¬¿ÉÄÐ×ÓÈÔ¶àÒª¾ÙÐдò°Ð±ÈÈü£»Ð¡º¢ÔòÒÔ´òµ¯¹¡¢×öÓÎϷΪÀÖ¡£³õ¶þÒ»Ô磬´åÕ¯Àïµ½´¦¿É¼û±³±³óûµÄÈË£¬ËûÃDZ³×ÅÅ´Ã×ôΡ¢À°ÈâµÈÈ¥°ÝÄ꣬°ÝÄê¶ÔÏóÖ÷ÒªÊÇÅ®·½Äï¼Ò¸¸Ä¸ºÍ¶«°ÍÏÈÉúµÈ¡£³õ¶þÖÁ³õÁùÊÇÀüËÛ×å×ßÇ×·ÃÓѵÄÈÕ×Ó¡£
´ÌÐå¡¢·ÄÖ¯¡¢ÌøÎèÒ²ÊÇÕâ¶Îʱ¼äµÄÖØÒªÄÚÈÝ¡£³õÁù°×ÌìÏ´Ò¡¢ÕÒ²ñ£¬ÍíÉÏÉÕÖí½Å£¬¼À×æÏÈ¡£³õÆßÒ²ºÜÈÈÄÖ£¬¿ªÕ¹µÄ»î¶¯»ù±¾Óë³õÒ»ÏàËÆ£¬²»¹ýÕâÒ»ÌìÌ«Ñôδ³öÀ´Ê±Òª¾ÙÐÐËÍÉñ»î¶¯£¬Òª¼À³ú¡¢µ¶µÈÉú²ú¹¤¾ß£¬¼Àºó²Å¿ªÊ¼Ê¹Óá£ÕýÔÂÊ®Î壬¼ÀÏ×ÖíÏîȦ£¬¼ÀÏ×¼ÒÉñ´óµØµÈ£¬À«Ê°½Ú½áÊø¡£
¡¾»ù±¾ÌØÕ÷¡¿
1¡¢Ï°Ë×¼«´«Í³¡£É¨³¾¡¢¼Àì롢ιÁÔ¹·¡¢Ï´Ò¡¢ËÍÉñ¡¢°ÝÄêµÈºÜ½²¾¿¡£ÈçÄêÈýÊ®¼Àìë»î¶¯¼«Îª¸´ÔÓ£¬°×ÌìÒªÉÏɽѰһÊ÷£¬ÔÚÊ÷ÏÂɱ¹«¼¦¼ÀÉñ£¬ÈôÀë¼ÒÔ¶£¬ÔòÒ»°ãÒªÔÚÊ÷Ͻ«¼¦ÖóºÃ±³»ØÈÃÈ«¼ÒÍÅÄêʱ³Ô¡£³õÒ»ÔçÉÏ£¬Ìì²»ÁÁ´óÈ˾ÍÇÄÇÄÊÕÊ°Æð´²£¬²»¾ª¶¯ËûÈË¡£ÏÈÔÚÎݶ¥ÉÏÈöËÉ룬ÔÙÀÓÅ´Ã×ôΣ¬ÔÚÀÏÈËÁéλÉÏ·ÅÉÏÅ´Ã×ôΣ¬È»ºóÃù**¡¢·Å±ÞÅÚ£¬Ó½ÓÈ¥ÊÀµÄÀÏÈ˻ؼң¬ÔÚÎÝÍâÉÕÏãÖ½¼À×åÖÐËÀÈ¥µÄ¹Â¹ÑÀÏÈË¡£
2¡¢¶àÑù»¯¡£Äê³õÒ»ÊÇÀüÕ¯ÖÐ×îÈÈÄֵģ¬Å®×ÓÔçÉϾ;ÙÐÐÊáÍ·±ÈÈü£¬Ö®ºó¾ÍÖ¯²¼±ÈÈü£¬ÍíÉϾÙÐм¯Ìåóô»ðÛ—½ÅÎ裻ÄÐ×ÓÔòÄìɽ£¨á÷ÁÔ£©±ÈÈü£¬ÓÉÓÚ±£»¤Ò°Éú¶¯ÎïµÄ·¨ÂÉ·¨¹æµÄʵʩ£¬½ñÌìÄìɽ±ÈÈüûÓÐÁË£¬¿ÉÄÐ×ÓÈÔ¶àÒª¾ÙÐдò°Ð±ÈÈü£»Ð¡º¢ÔòÒÔ´òµ¯¹¡¢×öÓÎϷΪÀÖ¡£´ËÍ⣬´ÌÐå¡¢·ÄÖ¯¡¢ÌøÎèÒ²ÊÇÀ«Ê±½ÚÆÚ¼äµÄÖØÒªÄÚÈÝ¡£µÂ²ýÀüËÛ×åÃñ×å·çÇéŨÓô£¬²¢³ÉΪËÄ´¨Î÷Äϲ¿ÖÚ¶àÃñ×åÖеÄÒ»µÀÁÁÀö·ç¾°¡£
¡¾»ù±¾¼ÛÖµ¡¿
ÀüËÛ×åÓµÓзḻ¶à²ÊµÄÎÄ»¯¡¢ÒÕÊõºÍÏ°Ë×£¬Ô̺¬×ÅÀüËÛ×åÌØÓеľ«Éñ¼ÛÖµ¡¢Ë¼Î¬·½Ê½¡¢ÏëÏóÁ¦ºÍÎÄ»¯Òâʶ£¬ÔÚ³ä·Ö·´Ó³ÀüËÛÈËÉóÃÀÇé¸ÐºÍÔö¼ÓÏ໥½»Á÷µÄͬʱ£¬ÎªÔöÇ¿Éç»áÄý¾ÛÁ¦¡¢´Ù½øÃñ×åÍŽáºÍÎÄ»¯½»Á÷µÈ·½Ãæ²úÉú»ý¼«µÄÓ°Ïì¡£±£»¤ºÍÀûÓúÃÀüËÛ×å·á¸»¶à²ÊµÄÎÄ»¯£¬¶ÔÓڼ̳кͷ¢ÑïÃñ×åÓÅÐãÎÄ»¯´«Í³¡¢Ôö½øÃñ×åÍŽᡢÔöÇ¿Ãñ×å×ÔÐÅÐĺÍÄý¾ÛÁ¦¡¢´Ù½øÎÒÏØÂÃÓβúÒµµÄ·¢Õ¹ºÍÉç»áÖ÷Ò徫ÉñÎÄÃ÷½¨É趼¾ßÓÐÖØÒª¶øÉîÔ¶µÄÒâÒå¡£